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Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 415-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1725-8

摘要： Catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles was carried out using a self-made laboratory reactor to determine the intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion under varying pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa) and superficial gas flow velocities (GFVs) of 13.8–68.8 cm?s . In order to estimate the gas release rate at a low GFV, the transported effect of effluent gas on the temporal gasification rate pattern was simulated by the Fluent computation and verified experimentally. The external mass transfer coefficients ( ) and the effectiveness factors were determined at lower GFVs, based on the intrinsic gasification rate obtained at a high GFV of 55.0 cm?s . The was found to be almost invariable in a wider carbon conversion of 0.2–0.7. The variations of at a median carbon conversion with GFV, temperature and pressure were found to follow a modified Chilton-Colburn correlation: (0.04< <0.19), where is total pressure and is atmospheric pressure. An intrinsic kinetics/external diffusion integrating model could well describe the gasification rate as a function of GFV, temperature and pressure over a whole gasification process.

关键词： coal char     catalytic steam gasification     pressure     kinetics     diffusion    

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Catalytic steam reforming of tar for enhancing hydrogen production from biomass gasification: a review

Ru Shien TAN, Tuan Amran TUAN ABDULLAH, Anwar JOHARI, Khairuddin MD ISA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 545-569 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0800-2

摘要： Presently, the global search for alternative renewable energy sources is rising due to the depletion of fossil fuel and rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among alternatives, hydrogen (H ) produced from biomass gasification is considered a green energy sector, due to its environmentally friendly, sustainable, and renewable characteristics. However, tar formation along with syngas is a severe impediment to biomass conversion efficiency, which results in process-related problems. Typically, tar consists of various hydrocarbons (HCs), which are also sources for syngas. Hence, catalytic steam reforming is an effective technique to address tar formation and improve H production from biomass gasification. Of the various classes in existence, supported metal catalysts are considered the most promising. This paper focuses on the current researching status, prospects, and challenges of steam reforming of gasified biomass tar. Besides, it includes recent developments in tar compositional analysis, supported metal catalysts, along with the reactions and process conditions for catalytic steam reforming. Moreover, it discusses alternatives such as dry and autothermal reforming of tar.

关键词： hydrogen     biomass gasification     tar     steam reforming     catalyst    

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A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 193-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0268-0

摘要： Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm ) , which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MSW and the fly ash percentage in the total ash.

关键词： municipal solid waste (MSW)     steam drying     gasification and melting    

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Hydrogen production by catalytic gasification of cellulose in supercritical water

GUAN Yu, PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 176-180 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0026-z

摘要： Cellulose, one of the important components of biomass, was gasified in supercritical water to produce hydrogen-rich gas in an autoclave which was operated batch-wise under high-pressure. KCO and Ca(OH) were selected as the catalysts (or promoters). The temperature was kept between 450°C and 500°C while pressure was maintained at 24–26 MPa. The reaction time was 20 min. Experimental results showed that the two catalysts had good catalytic effect and optimum amounts were observed for each catalyst. When 0.2 g KCO was added, the hydrogen yield could reach 9.456 molkg which was two times of the H amount produced without catalyst. When 1.6 g Ca(OH) was added, the H yield was 8.265 molkg which is lower than that obtained using KCO as catalyst but is still 1.7 times that achieved without catalyst. Comparing with the results obtained using KCO or Ca(OH) alone, the use of a combination of KCO and Ca(OH) could increase the H yield by up to 2.5 times that without catalyst and 25% and 45% more than that obtained using KCO and Ca(OH) alone, respectively. It was found that methane was the dominant product at relatively low temperature. When the temperature was increased, the methane reacts with water and is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

关键词： reaction     temperature     combination     catalytic effect     dominant product    

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Modeling and simulation of biomass air-steam gasification in a fluidized bed

KONG Xiaoying, WU Chuangzhi, YUAN Zhenhong, MA Longlong, CHANG Jie, LÜ Pengmei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 209-213 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0039-7

摘要： By considering the features of fluidized-bed reactors and the kinetic mechanism of biomass gasification, a steady-state, isothermal, one-dimensional and two-phase mathematical model of biomass gasification kinetics in bubbling fluidized beds was developed. The model assumes the existence of two phases – a bubble and an emulsion phase – with chemical reactions occurring in both phases. The axial gas dispersion in the two phases is accounted for and the pyrolysis of biomass is taken to be instantaneous. The char and gas species CO, CO, H, HO, CH and 8 chemical reactions are included in the model. The mathematical model belongs to a typical boundary value problem of ordinary differential equations and its solution is obtained by a Matlab program. Utilizing wood powder as the feedstock, the calculated data show satisfactory agreement with experimental results and proves the effectiveness and reliability of the model.

关键词： satisfactory agreement     two-phase mathematical     one-dimensional     pyrolysis     calculated    

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Experimental research on catalysts and their catalytic mechanism for hydrogen production by gasification

PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin, JIN Hui

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 451-456 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0066-2

摘要： Peanut shell, mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, was gasified at a temperature of 450°C and a pressure range from 24 to 27 MPa with the presence of different catalysts, including KCO, ZnCl and Raney-Ni. The experimental results show that different catalysts have greatly different effects on the reaction. Gasification efficiency (GE), hydrogen gasification efficiency (GHE), carbon gasification efficiency (GCE), yield of hydrogen production ( ) and potential yield of hydrogen production () are applied to describe the catalytic efficiency. From the result of gaseous components, ZnCl has the highest hydrogen selectivity, KCO is lower, and Raney-Ni is the lowest, but Raney-Ni is the most favorable to gasify biomass among the three catalysts, and its , , reach 126.84%, 185.71%, 94.24%, respectively. As expected, hydrogen selectivity increased and CH reduced rapidly when the mixture of ZnCl and Raney-Ni is used under the same condition. The optimization mixture appeared when 0.2 g of ZnCl was added to 1 g of Raney-Ni, 43.56 g · kg of hydrogen pro duction was obtained. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms of different catalysts were analyzed, and the possible reaction pathway was brought forward, which helped to explain the experiment phenomena and results correctly.

关键词： presence     Raney-Ni     biomass     optimization mixture     possible reaction    

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Hydrogen production from co-gasification of coal and biomass in supercritical water by continuous flowthermal-catalytic reaction system

YAN Qiuhui, GUO Liejin, LIANG Xing, ZHANG Ximin

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 327-330 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0048-0

摘要： Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier. Converting abundant coal sources and green biomass energy into hydrogen effectively and without any pollution promotes environmental protection. The co-gasification performance of coal and a model compound of biomass, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in supercritical water (SCW), were investigated experimentally. The influences of temperature, pressure and concentration on hydrogen production from co-gasification of coal and CMC in SCW under the given conditions (20–25 MPa, 650vH, 15–30 s) are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that H, CO and CH are the main gas products, and the molar fraction of hydrogen reaches in excess of 60%. The higher pressure and higher CMC content facilitate hydrogen production; production is decreased remarkably given a longer residence time.

关键词： carboxymethylcellulose     temperature     co-gasification performance     Hydrogen     residence    

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The effect of doping and steam treatment on the catalytic activities of nano-scale H-ZSM-5 in the methanol

Baodong Song, Yongqiang Li, Gang Cao, Zhenhai Sun, Xu Han

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 564-574 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1654-y

摘要： In the transformation of methanol to gasoline (MTG), the selectivity to gasoline and the aromatic content in the produced gasoline are important factors. The catalytic activities of steam-treated and non-steam-treated nano-scale H-ZSM-5 (NHZ5) catalysts impregnated with Ag(I), Zn(II) or P(V) have been investigated in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The NH -TPD results showed that after impregnation, the Ag/NHZ5, Zn/NHZ5 and P/NHZ5 catalysts contained comparatively more strong, medium-strong and weak acid sites, respectively. Treatment with steam decreased the number of acid sites in all the catalysts, but the pore volumes in the catalysts were larger which improved carbon deposition resistance resulting in prolonged lifetimes. After 6 h of MTG reaction, the selectivity to gasoline for the steam-treated catalysts, , and were 70.5, 68.4 and 68.7 wt-%, respectively, whereas their respective aromatic contents in the produced gasoline were 61.9, 55.4 and 39.0 wt-%. Thus is the most promising catalyst for MTG applications which can meet the China IV gasoline standard that the amount of aromatics in gasoline should be less than 48 wt-%.

关键词： MTG     nano-scale H-ZSM-5     steam treatment     gasoline     selectivity to gasoline    

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Energy and exergy analysis of syngas production from different biomasses through air-steam gasification

S. Rupesh,C. Muraleedharan,P. Arun

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 607-619 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0439-1

摘要： Gasification is a thermo-chemical reaction which converts biomass into fuel gases in a reactor. The efficiency of conversion depends on the effective working of the gasifier. The first step in the conversion process is the selection of a suitable feedstock capable of generating more gaseous fuels. This paper analyses the performance of different biomasses during gasification through energy and exergy analysis. A quasi-equilibrium model is developed to simulate and compare the feasibility of different biomass materials as gasifier feedstock. Parametric studies are conducted to analyze the effect of temperature, steam to biomass ratio and equivalence ratio on energy and exergy efficiencies. Of the biomasses considered, sawdust has the highest energy and exergy efficiencies and lowest irreversibility. At a gasification temperature of 1000 K, the steam to biomass ratio of unity and the equivalence ratio of 0.25, the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and irreversibility of sawdust are 35.62%, 36.98% and 10.62 MJ/kg, respectively. It is also inferred that the biomass with lower ash content and higher carbon content contributes to maximum energy and exergy efficiencies.

关键词： gasification     modeling     energy     exergy     syngas    

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Steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound with modified nickel-based catalyst

Omeralfaroug KHALIFA, Mingxin XU, Rongjun ZHANG, Tahir IQBAL, Mingfeng LI, Qiang LU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 492-501 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0721-8

摘要： Catalytic steam reforming is a promising route for tar conversion to high energy syngas in the process of biomass gasification. However, the catalyst deactivation caused by the deposition of residual carbon is still a major challenge. In this paper, a modified Ni-based Ni-Co/Al O -CaO (Ni-Co/AC) catalyst and a conventional Ni/Al O (Ni/A) catalyst were prepared and tested for tar catalytic removal in which toluene was selected as the model component. Experiments were conducted to reveal the influences of the reaction temperature and the ratio between steam to carbon on the toluene conversion and the hydrogen yield. The physicochemical properties of the modified Ni-based catalyst were determined by a series of characterization methods. The results indicated that the Ni-Co alloy was determined over the Ni-Co/AC catalyst. The doping of CaO and the presence of Ni-Co alloy promoted the performance of toluene catalytic dissociation over Ni-Co/AC catalyst compared with that over Ni/A catalyst. After testing in steam for 40 h, the carbon conversion over Ni-Co/AC maintained above 86% and its resistance to carbon deposition was superior to Ni/A catalyst.

关键词： catalytic steam reforming     tar model compound     Ni-based catalyst     carbon resistance    

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靶向生产低碳烯烃的催化裂化技术——反应机理、生产方案和工艺展望 Review

许友好, Yanfen Zuo, Wenjie Yang, Xingtian Shu, Wei Chen, Anmin Zheng

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第30卷 第11期   页码 100-109 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.018

摘要：

Light olefins are important organic building blocks in the chemicals industry. The main low-carbon olefin production methods, such as catalytic cracking and steam cracking, have considerable room for improvement in their utilization of hydrocarbons. This article provides a thorough overview of recent studies on catalytic cracking, steam cracking, and the conversion of crude oil processes. To maximize the production of light olefins and reduce carbon emissions, the perceived benefits of various technologies are examined. Taking olefin generation and conversion as a link to expand upstream and downstream processes, a targeted catalytic cracking to olefins (TCO) process is proposed to meet current demands for the transformation of oil refining into chemical production. The main innovations of this process include a multiple feedstock supply, the development of medium-sized catalysts, and a diameter-transformed fluidized-bed reactor with different feeding schemes. In combination with other chemical processes, TCO is expected to play a critical role in enabling petroleum refining and chemical processes to achieve low carbon dioxide emissions.

关键词： Light olefins     Steam cracking     Catalytic cracking     TCO process     Oil processing revolution    

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Augmented hydrogen production by gasification of ball milled polyethylene with Ca(OH)

Giovanni Cagnetta, Kunlun Zhang, Qiwu Zhang, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1096-5

摘要：

PE ball milling pretreatment induces higher H2 production and purity by gasification.

Ca(OH)2 reacts at solid state with PE boosting H2 and capturing CO2.

Ca(OH)2 significantly reduces methanation side-reaction.

关键词： Hydrogen production     Gasification     Plastic waste     High energy ball milling    

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Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical or subcritical water with Raney-Ni and other

Aixia PEI, Lisheng ZHANG, Bizheng JIANG, Liejin GUO, Ximin ZHANG, Youjun LV, Hui JIN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0069-y

摘要： Gasification of peanut shell, sawdust and straw in supercritical or subcritical water has been studied in a batch reactor with the presence of a series of Raney-Ni and its mixture with ZnCl or Ca(OH). The main gas products were hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of carbon monoxide. Different types of Raney-Ni, containing different metal components such as Fe, Mo or Cr, have different influences on the gasification yield and hydrogen selectivity. The catalysis effect can be improved obviously by adding ZnCl or Ca(OH). Increasing the reaction temperature or adding ZnCl and Ca(OH) could improve the mass of H in gas products and reduce the mass of CH and CO at the same time. The possible mechanism is that ZnCl can decompose the biomass particle by accelerating cellulose hydrolyzation in high-temperature water, increasing more specific surface to admit catalysts, while Ca(OH) can absorb CO to produce CaCO deposit, which can drop out from the reactant system, and which will drive the reaction to get more hydrogen. With respect to the biomass conversion to gas product and selectivity of H at low temperature, the series of Raney-Ni has shown many advantages over other catalysts; thus, this kind of catalyst has great potential to be utilized in the hydrogen industry for the gasification of biomass.

关键词： Different     presence     sawdust     Raney-Ni     Gasification    

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Crystallization and viscosity-temperature characteristics during co-gasification of industrial sludge

Linmin ZHANG, Bin LIU, Juntao WEI, Xudong SONG, Yonghui BAI, Jiaofei WANG, Ying ZHOU, Huijun YANG, Guangsuo YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1037-1047 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0824-x

摘要： Co-gasification of industrial sludge (IS) and coal was an effective approach to achieve harmless and sustainable utilization of IS. The long-term and stable operation of a co-gasification largely depends on fluidity of coal-ash slag. Herein, the effects of IS addition on the crystallization and viscosity of Shuangmazao (SMZ) coal were investigated by means of high temperature stage coupled with an optical microscope (HTSOM), a scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and FactSage software. The results showed that when the proportion of IS was less than 60%, with the addition of IS, the slag existed in an amorphous form. This was due to the high content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in SMZ ash and blended ash, which had a high glass-forming ability (GFA). The slag formed at a high temperature had a higher polymerization degree and viscosity, which led to a decrease in the migration ability between ions, and ultimately made the slag difficult to crystallize during the cooling. When the proportion of IS was higher than 60%, the addition of IS increased the CaO and FeO content in the system. As network modifiers, CaO and FeO could provide O2− at a high temperature, which reacted with silicate network structure and continuously destroyed the complexity of network structure, thus reducing the polymerization degree and viscosity of slag. At this time, the migration ability between ions was enhanced, and needle-shaped/rod-shaped crystals were precipitated during the cooling process. Finally, the viscosity calculated by simulation and Einstein-Roscoe empirical formula demonstrated that the addition of IS could significantly improve the fluidity of coal ash and meet the requirements of the liquid slag-tapping gasifier. The purpose of this work was to provide theoretical support for slag flow mechanisms during the gasifier slagging-tapping process and the resource treatment of industrial solid waste.

关键词： co-gasification     industrial sludge     crystallization     viscosity     mineral matter evolution    

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

摘要：

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software.

关键词： Aspen Plus     biomass gasification     manure of livestock and poultry     simulation     syngas    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

期刊论文

Catalytic steam reforming of tar for enhancing hydrogen production from biomass gasification: a review

Ru Shien TAN, Tuan Amran TUAN ABDULLAH, Anwar JOHARI, Khairuddin MD ISA

期刊论文

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

期刊论文

Hydrogen production by catalytic gasification of cellulose in supercritical water

GUAN Yu, PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin

期刊论文

Modeling and simulation of biomass air-steam gasification in a fluidized bed

KONG Xiaoying, WU Chuangzhi, YUAN Zhenhong, MA Longlong, CHANG Jie, LÜ Pengmei

期刊论文

Experimental research on catalysts and their catalytic mechanism for hydrogen production by gasification

PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin, JIN Hui

期刊论文

Hydrogen production from co-gasification of coal and biomass in supercritical water by continuous flowthermal-catalytic reaction system

YAN Qiuhui, GUO Liejin, LIANG Xing, ZHANG Ximin

期刊论文

The effect of doping and steam treatment on the catalytic activities of nano-scale H-ZSM-5 in the methanol

Baodong Song, Yongqiang Li, Gang Cao, Zhenhai Sun, Xu Han

期刊论文

Energy and exergy analysis of syngas production from different biomasses through air-steam gasification

S. Rupesh,C. Muraleedharan,P. Arun

期刊论文

Steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound with modified nickel-based catalyst

Omeralfaroug KHALIFA, Mingxin XU, Rongjun ZHANG, Tahir IQBAL, Mingfeng LI, Qiang LU

期刊论文

靶向生产低碳烯烃的催化裂化技术——反应机理、生产方案和工艺展望

许友好, Yanfen Zuo, Wenjie Yang, Xingtian Shu, Wei Chen, Anmin Zheng

期刊论文

Augmented hydrogen production by gasification of ball milled polyethylene with Ca(OH)

Giovanni Cagnetta, Kunlun Zhang, Qiwu Zhang, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical or subcritical water with Raney-Ni and other

Aixia PEI, Lisheng ZHANG, Bizheng JIANG, Liejin GUO, Ximin ZHANG, Youjun LV, Hui JIN,

期刊论文

Crystallization and viscosity-temperature characteristics during co-gasification of industrial sludge

Linmin ZHANG, Bin LIU, Juntao WEI, Xudong SONG, Yonghui BAI, Jiaofei WANG, Ying ZHOU, Huijun YANG, Guangsuo YU

期刊论文

NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

期刊论文